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The Core brand refers to Intel's 32-bit mobile dual-core x86 CPUs that derived from the Pentium M branded processors. The processor family used a more advanced version of the Intel P6 microarchitecture. It emerged in parallel with the NetBurst (Intel P68) microarchitecture of the Pentium 4 brand, and was a precursor of the 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. The Core brand comprised two branches: the Duo (dual-core) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core, which replaced the Pentium M brand of single-core mobile processor).

The Core brand was launched on January 5, 2006 by the release of the 32-bit Yonah CPU - Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor. Its dual-core layout closely resembled two interconnected Pentium M branded CPUs packaged as a single die (piece) silicon chip (IC). Hence, the 32-bit microarchitecture of Core branded CPUs - contrary to its name - had more in common with Pentium M branded CPUs than with the subsequent 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. Despite a major rebranding effort by Intel starting January 2006, some computers with the Yonah core continued to be marked as Pentium M.

The Core Duo is also famous for being the first Intel processor to ever be used in Apple Macintosh computers. Core Duo signified the beginning of Apple's shift to Intel processors across their entire line.

In 2007, Intel began branding the Yonah core CPUs intended for mainstream mobile computers as Pentium Dual-Core. These are not to be confused with the desktop 64-bit Core microarchitecture CPUs also branded as Pentium Dual-Core.

September 2006 and January 4, 2008 mark a discontinuation of many Core branded CPUs.


Technical specifications

Core Duo contains 151 million transistors, including the shared 2 MB L2 cache. Yonah's execution core contains a 12 stage pipeline, forecast to eventually be able to run at a maximum frequency of 2.33–2.50 GHz. The communication between the L2 cache and both execution cores is handled by a bus unit controller through arbitration, which reduces cache coherency traffic over the FSB, at the expense of raising the core-to-L2 latency from 10 clock cycles (in the Dothan Pentium M) to 14 clock cycles. The increase in clock frequency offsets the impact of the increased clock cycle latency. The power management components of the core features improved grained thermal control, as well as independent scaling of power between the two cores, resulting in very efficient management of power.

Core processors communicate with the system chipset over a 667 MT/s front side bus (FSB), up from 533 MT/s used by the fastest Pentium M. T2050 & T2250 have also appeared in OEM systems as a low-cost option with a lower 533 MHz FSB and no Intel VT.

Yonah is supported by the 945GM, 945PM, 945GT, 965GM, 965PM, and 965GT system chipsets. Core Duo and Core Solo use Socket M, but due to pin arrangement and new chipset functions are not compatible with any previous Pentium M motherboard.

The T2300E was later introduced as a replacement for the T2300. It has dropped support for Intel VT. Early Intel specifications mistakenly claimed a halving of the Thermal Design Power.

Advantages and shortcomings

The Duo version of Intel Core (Yonah) includes two computational cores, providing performance per watt almost as good as any previous single core Intel processors. In battery-operated devices such as notebook computers, this translates to getting as much total work done per battery charge as with older computers, although the same total work may be done faster. When parallel computations and multiprocessing are able to utilize both cores, the Intel Core Duo delivers much higher peak speed compared to the single-core chips previously available for mobile devices.

The shortcomings of Intel Core (Yonah) are:

* The same or even slightly worse performance per watt in single threaded or non-parallel applications compared to its predecessor.
* 32-bit processes only. 64-bit processes are not supported. (See the Intel Core 2 successor, which is a 64-bit processor.)
* High memory latency due to the lack of on-die memory controller (further aggravated by system-chipset's use of DDR-II RAM)
* Limited Floating Point Unit (multiply/divide) throughput for non-parallel computations or single-threaded processes; this is due to the smaller number of floating-point units in each CPU core compared to some previous designs.

The Yonah platform requires all main-memory transactions to pass through the Northbridge of the chipset, increasing latency compared to the AMD's Turion platform. However, application tests showed Intel Core's L2-cache system is quite effective at overcoming main-memory latency; despite this limitation, Intel Core (Yonah) sometimes managed to outperform AMD's Turion.

The Sossaman processor for servers, which is based on Yonah, also lacks Intel 64-bit support. For the server market, this had more severe consequences, since all major server operating systems already supported x86-64, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 even requires a 64-bit processor to run.

According to Mobile Roadmaps from 2005, Intel's Yonah project originally focused more on reducing the power consumption of its p6+ Pentium M-based processor and aimed to reduce it by 50% for Intel Core (Yonah). Intel continued recommending Pentium NetBurst-based processors for mobile high performance applications (although these were less power efficient) until the Yonah project succeeded in extracting higher performance from its lower-power-consumption design. The Intel Core Duo's inclusion of two highly-efficient cores on one chip can provide better performance than a Pentium NetBurst core, but with much better power-efficiency. Intel no longer recommends its Pentium Netburst-based processors for mobile devices.

On July 27, 2006, Intel's Core 2 processors were released. By 2Q 2007, Intel expected 90% of its laptop CPU production to be converted to the heavily-revised Intel Core 2 processors. The original Intel Core (Yonah) product had an unusually short lifespan as a stepping stone to the 64-bit Intel Core 2.